During Cousin's transformation from a coconut plantation to an ecologically restored island, much habitat restoration has taken place.  Consequently, the populations of Seychelles warblers and Seychelles fodies have increased by 300% and are now thriving.

In recent years, a number of endemic species have gradually been reintegrated onto Cousin.  One such example is that of magpie robins from Frégate Island.  In addition, there has also been successful translocation of fodies from Cousin to Aride Island.

Ongoing conservation techniques include vegetation monitoring, which has been particularly important since the 2002 storm.  Much of the islands wildlife relies on the vegetation to survive and as such, the removal of any invasive creepers or other unwanted species it is vital in maintaining this valuable food source

Cousin is one of a small number of islands in the archipelago that is now completely free of cats, rice and mice which have over the years been responsible for the demise of many of the island's endemic wildlife.  Such eradication has only been possible by putting strict regulations in place that visitors and warden must follow.

Future plans for Cousin include completely restricting further development, with the fundamental aim of conserving and maintaining the reserve and the precious species that reside on it.  There will also be an emphasis on ensuring that local communities benefit from any revenue generated through tourism.   

In September 2010, Cousin received the honour of being designated as the world's first carbon neutral reserve.  The island has received praise for being a superb long term example of the "successful marriage of tourism and conservation".